Alternate Names: Biopsy - upper airway

How Performed: The health care provider or pulmonologist (a pulmonary [lung] specialist trained to perform a bronchoscopy) will spray a topical or local anesthetic in your mouth and throat. Then a cannula (a metal tube about 6-inches long and curved on one end) is inserted, curved end first, to hold the tongue out of the way. An anesthetic is injected through the cannula, enabling it to run down the back of the throat. This will cause coughing at first, which will cease as the anesthetic is increased. When the area feels "thick," it is sufficiently numb.

The suspicious tissue is viewed, and a small piece of tissue is removed and sent to the laboratory.

How To Prepare: Fast for 6-12 hours before the test. You must sign an informed consent form.

Infants and children:
The physical and psychological preparation you can provide for this or any test or procedure depends on your child’s age, interests, previous experience, and level of trust. For specific information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics as they correspond to your child’s age:

• infant test or procedure preparation (birth to 1 year)
• toddler test or procedure preparation (1 to 3 years)
• preschooler test or procedure preparation (3 to 6 years)
• schoolage test or procedure preparation (6 to 12 years)
• adolescent test or procedure preparation (12 to 18 years)

How It Feels: Local anesthesia is used to relax the throat muscles, so there is the feeling of fluid running down the back of the throat and the need to cough or gag until the anesthetic takes effect. There may be sensations of pressure or mild tugging.

When the anesthetic wears off, your throat may be scratchy for several days. After the test, the cough reflex will return in 1 to 2 hours, then you may eat and drink normally.

Risks:

• sore throat
• breathing difficulties (minimal risk)
• bleeding (some bleeding is common, excessive bleeding is not)

Why Performed: This test may be performed when an abnormality of the upper airway is suspected. It may also be performed as part of a bronchoscopy when abnormalities include the upper airway as well as the lung tissue.

Normal Values: There are normal upper airway tissues, with no abnormal growths or inclusions.

Abnormal Results: Disorders/conditions that may be discovered include:

• granulomas (may be caused by tuberculosis)
• granulomatous inflammation (may be caused by tuberculosis)
• necrotizing vasculitis
• cancer

Cost:

Special Considerations: Not applicable.