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Encyclopedia -> Disease -> A -> Asymptomatic HIV infection Alternate Names: HIV infection - asymptomatic Causes and Risks: Asymptomatic HIV infection is characterized by a period of varying length in which there is slow deterioration of the immune system without clinical symptoms. There is a decline in the CD4 counts, an index of immune function. This period of time may last for 10 years or longer before symptoms appear. See HIV infection for a description of the symptoms that can occur. In a study of people infected with the virus from 1977 through 1980, some have no signs or symptoms of HIV infection, and some have only generalized lymphadenopathy (enlarged nodes). It cannot be assumed that all persons infected with HIV will inevitably progress to AIDS, but time has shown that the vast majority do. Risk factors for HIV infection are sexual contact with a person infected with HIV, intravenous drug use, receipt of blood transfusion or blood components, and being born to an HIV-positive mother. Prevention: Do not have sexual intercourse with people known or suspected to be infected with AIDS, numerous partners, people who have multiple partners, or people who use IV drugs. Do not use intravenous drugs. If IV drugs are used, do not share needles or syringes. People with AIDS or who have had positive antibody tests may pass the disease on to others and should not donate blood, plasma, body organs, or sperm. They should not exchange body fluids during sexual activity. Safer sex behaviors may reduce the risk of acquiring the infection. There is a risk of acquiring the infection even if "safe sex" is practiced with the use of condoms. Abstinence is the only sure way to prevent sexual transmission of the virus. Symptoms: See HIV infection for a description of the symptoms of HIV infection. The infection does not always cause immediate symptoms. The only definitive way in which to detect infection is by appropriate blood tests. Signs and Tests: Tests that show HIV infection:
Treatment: Combination antiretroviral therapy is recommended for symptomatic and asymptomatic HIV-infected persons whose CD4 cell counts are 500 or less, or patients who have an HIV RNA viral load greater than 10,000 copies. Patients must be committed to taking the therapy or they risk developing antiviral resistant HIV. People with HIV infection need to receive education about the disease and treatment so that they can be active partners in decision making with the health care provider. Support Groups: The stress of illness can often be helped by joining a support group where members share common experiences and problems. See AIDS - support group. Prognosis: HIV is a chronic medical condition that can be treated but not yet cured. There are effective means of delaying progression to AIDS and preventing complications. Complications:
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if risk factors are present for HIV infection, or if HIV infection has been diagnosed and symptoms begin to develop.
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