Alternate Names: Epidemic parotitis

Causes and Risks: The mumps are caused by the paramyxovirus, which is spread from person to person by saliva droplets or direct contact with articles that have been contaminated with infected saliva. The parotid glands (the salivary glands between the ear and the jaw) are usually involved. Children between the ages of 2 and 12 are most commonly infected, but the infection can occur in other age groups. In older people, other organs may become involved including the testes, the central nervous system, the pancreas, the prostate, the breasts, and other organs. The incubation period is usually 12 to 24 days.

Prevention: MMR immunization (vaccine) protects against measles, mumps and rubella and should be given to children 15 months old. The vaccination is repeated in some locations between 4 to 6 years of age, or between 11 and 12 years of age if not previously given. See also immunizations - general overview.

Symptoms:

• face pain
• swelling of the parotid glands (neck swelling)
• fever
• headache
• sore throat
• swelling of the temples or jaw (temporomandibular area)

• testicle pain
• testicle lump
• scrotal swelling

Signs and Tests: A physical examination confirms the presence of the swollen glands. No testing is usually required.

Treatment: There is no specific treatment for mumps. Symptoms may be relieved by the application of intermittent ice or heat to the affected neck area, acetaminophen - oral for pain relief (do not give aspirin to children with a viral illness because of the risk of Reye’s syndrome). Warm salt water gargles, soft foods, and extra fluids may also help relieve symptoms.

Prognosis: The probable outcome is good, even if other organs are involved. Sterility in men from involvement of the testes is very rare. After the illness, life-long immunity to mumps occurs.

Complications:

• infection of other organ systems
• sterility in men (rare)

Call your health care provider if you have mumps and severe headache, persistent drowsiness, eye redness, or persistent vomiting or abdominal pain develops.

Call your health care provider if testicle pain or testicle lump occurs.

Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if convulsions occur.