Alternate Names: Induced abortion; Suction curettage; Surgical abortion

Description:

A surgical abortion that is performed between 6 and 12 weeks into a pregnancy may be done while the woman is awake. She is given the option of being sedated by medications or having her cervix numbed (local anesthesia) with an injection so that she is basically pain-free.

A surgical abortion for a pregnancy over 12 weeks is usually done while the woman is sedated, although it can also be performed while the woman is awake. The cervical canal is enlarged (dilated) and a hollow tube is inserted into the uterus. A vacuum (suction) machine is used to remove the tissues (fetus and placenta) from the uterus. Medicines such as oxytocin are sometimes given to cause the uterine muscles to contract and reduce bleeding.

Indications:

• woman’s choice to end a pregnancy (elective termination)
• woman’s health is endangered by pregnancy (therapeutic abortion)
• an abnormality in the developing fetus (birth defect, genetic abnormality)

What To Expect After:

Most women who undergo surgical abortions done in appropriate medical facilities recover without any physical complications.

Any significant emotional and psychological issues should be considered and addressed before and after a chosen abortion.

Convalescence:

Physical recovery usually occurs within a few days, depending on the stage of the pregnancy. A small amount of vaginal bleeding and mild uterine cramping should be expected for a few days. A hot bath or use of a heating pad or hot water bottle on the abdomen may help relieve discomfort. Strenuous activity should be avoided for a few days following an abortion. Tampons may be used after 3 days. Sexual intercourse should be avoided for 2 to 3 weeks. A normal menstrual period should occur 4 to 6 weeks after the operation.

Risks:

Risks for any anesthesia are:

• reactions to medications
• problems breathing

Risks for any surgery are:

• bleeding
• infection

Additional risks of surgical abortion include:

• excessive bleeding
• infection of the uterus
• infection of the fallopian tubes (which can cause scarring and interfere with fertility (infertility)
• puncture (perforation) of the uterus or damage to the cervix (rare)
• emotional or psychological distress

The decision to have an abortion is an intensely personal one. Most health care providers recommend competent counseling before making this decision.